Catalpa bignonioides is the basic tree, with green leaves - there is a cultivar, C. 'Aurea' which does have yellow leaves, but unless you bought that particular variety, you won't get yellow leaves on yours.
As for absence of beans, sounds as if the flowers fall before they're pollinated, which would mean no beans.
Really need to see a photograph of the problem with the leaves - leaves don't shrivel from being infested by bugs, although capsid bug causes leaves to become distorted; could be drought, or some other problem.

I would thank your lucky stars that there aren't any beans! They aren't edible, and they do make a mess.