Well, it's worth a go. They store seeds in very cold conditions in seed banks, but the moisture levels are critical. If you plant some today you'll know in 3 weks time if they have survived! Or you could try to sprout some on damp kitchen paper to see if they are still viable.

Not sure if chilli seeds would be different but I've collected and sown tomato seeds from fruit which have hung on the plants overwinter or on the soil. As long as they haven't rotted they seem fine, and just look at all those little plants that grow as "weeds" where tomatoes were grown the year before.